Minimize Movement and Maximize Productivity Manufacturing organizations handle many types of materials in their production environment. Raw materials, materials-in-progress, finished goods, accessories, components, packaging materials, maintenance and repair supplies, scrap and many more must be handled in an efficient manner to make the operations cost-effective and to avoid wastage. The principle behind material handling process is said to be “no handling”, which is not practicable in reality. So it would be appropriate to say, that the objective of materials handling would be, to reduce the number of handlings as well as reducing the distances through which the materials are handled. Why efficient materials handling is inevitable in a manufacturing set-up? The movement of materials from the receiving area to the shipping area through the production line does not add value to the product but only to the cost. Further, plant layout and materials handling are complementary to each other. A production facility must incorporate a good plant layout that enhances the efficiency of movement of materials with ease and should deliver maximum productivity. Principles for Efficient Materials Handling There are certain principles that serve as a guide for efficient materials handling. These provide a framework for selecting specific materials handling equipments that form the core of the production system. Eliminate handling-If not, reduce the distance travelled by the materials Keep moving-If not, reduce the time spent at crucial points Simple patterns of material flow is appreciated-If not, reduce back tracking, cross overs, congestion Carry pay loads Carry full loads Use reliable and inexpensive source of power Materials handling should be considered in the light of movement of men, machines, tools and information. It also depends on the type of product manufactured, quantity, value and size of the organization. Cost effectiveness can be achieved if the firm is able to reduce the manufacturing cycle time through faster movement of materials and thus work-in-progress inventory costs can also be controlled and reduced. Design of the plant layout that facilitates sequential flow of materials through the production facility, improved working conditions, safety in the movement of materials, contribution to better quality by avoiding damage to the materials due to inefficient handling and workers being appraised about the importance of smooth materials handling result in higher productivity at lower manufacturing cost. Factors to considered while deciding on material handling equipments Adaptability, flexibility, load capacity, power, speed, nature of supervision required, space requirements, ease of maintenance, environment friendliness and cost are some of the factors to be taken into consideration while deciding on the type of material handling equipments. Also, the capabilities of manpower to operate the equipment and safety of personnel cannot be overlooked. It is important to select and design, materials handling system that are expensive to purchase and operate. For instance, if overhead cranes are to be used, the structure of the building should be strong enough to support the installation. Spacious aisles are mandatory if the loads are heavy and transported across the shop floors. Equipments used Elevators, hoists, industrial trucks like fork-lift trucks, pallet trucks, pipelines, automatic transfer devices, automated guided vehicles, and industrial robots are some of the handling equipments that have found their ideal place in this process. Materials handling activity should be evaluated like any other activity to gauge its effectiveness. The focus should be on the manufacturing cycle efficiency, equipment utilization, percentage of time lost, total number of moves and material handling costs as percentage of manufacturing...

Effective Strategy Generation Why effective strategy generation is necessary? A business enterprise has to generate strategic alternatives and determine the effectiveness of its strategic decisions in order to be successful in the market. Various approaches to strategy formulations exist and it is a real complex phenomenon in that, a wrong strategic execution may produce irreparable consequences which may prove detrimental to the survival of the firm. The method of strategy formation usually follows the traditional approach, based on rational and normative disposition. Sometimes different thought processes may also serve as basic premises for the evolution of new strategies.   Intuition: The strategy evolves in the mind of the chief executive without ever being explicitly stated and without the aid of formal procedures. Personal judgment also backs up this process. People with excellent intuition are often remembered for their imagination, drive and expansive vision leading to corporate growth and prosperity. To look into the future with such creativity and brilliance is the basic premise of this approach.   Disjointed Incrementalism: This approach towards strategy making reflects an attitude of management having strong preference to act only when there is a need or only when forced to, and then considering a few convenient alternatives involving only small, non-disruptive changes in the organization. This approach is followed by firms that enjoy a pretty decent profit margin in the existing business and possess an exclusive niche in the market; they will not be ready to come out of their cocoons for fear of failure. The firm cannot take the risk of setting unrealistic goals deviating away from the status quo.     Pic Courtesy: Account Manager Tips Entrepreneurial Approach: Systematic risk-makers and takers who look for and find opportunities belong to this category. Entrepreneurs view challenges as opportunities and not as problems.   Key factor approach: This approach is based on determining the really significant factors that are important in the success of a particular business and concentrating major decisions on it. Say, for instance, a quality product at relatively low price may be a critical factor for a business firm. But eventually it has to achieve this in order to capture the market whence the same critical factor becomes unique to the company and adds value.   Integrated approach: Analyzing the present internal and external conditions Identifying and evaluating the present strategy Search for strength and weaknesses viewed within the present strategy and environment Considering changes in the present strategy Generating alternatives unified to resolve the problems and exploit the opportunities Developing alternative unified strategies by combining the various alternatives in each of the problem and opportunity area Evaluation of unified strategy in terms of the enterprise objectives and choosing the strategy that best satisfies the objectives.   Strategy formations should conform and comply with the changes in the external environment and the change called for may be in the strategy itself or in the implementation of the...